Module for a computer interface

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a module for a computer interface including a transducer wherein the transducer receives a measurement value and makes this measurement value available for monitoring an individual&#39;s health by means of the computer interface, for example, for monitoring an individual&#39;s blood glucose level, wherein the measurement value is obtained by means of a sensor.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the priority of international application numberPCT/CH99/00416, filed Sep. 7, 1999, which in turn claims the priority ofGerman patent application number 198 40 965.6, filed Sep. 8, 1998, bothof which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The invention relates to a module for a computer interface, the modulebeing used to monitor the state of health of a person. Moreparticularly, the present invention provides an apparatus for and amethod of health monitoring and control wherein a module for a computerinterface including a transducer wherein the transducer receives ameasurement value and makes this measurement value available formonitoring an individual's health by means of the computer interface,for example, for monitoring an individual's blood glucose level, whereinthe measurement value is obtained by means of a sensor.

Monitoring the state of health of persons has become increasinglyimportant. This particularly applies to the execution of therapiesrequiring a dosed administration of one or more active substancesdepending on the state of health of the person concerned. Such a therapymay be, for example, diabetes therapy, where insulin is administered insynchronization with the glucose concentration measured or detected bymeasurement in and/or of a body fluid of the person.

The monitoring methods in the context of therapies require specialdevices just for the purpose of making measurement data available eitherto care-givers such as doctors, nurses, etc. or to the person to betreated. Such monitoring devices are complex and expensive or only allowmonitoring activities to a very restricted extent. In diabetes therapy,where the glucose concentration in a body fluid, particularly theblood-sugar content, is decisive, the known devices for monitoring theglucose concentration just indicate the currently measuredconcentration. Evaluating and monitoring features are at least verylimited. A user who administers himself with insulin, or with thecorresponding active substance in another therapy, would be able toadapt this administration to his personal requirements more preciselyif, for example, “historical” data were also available to him. He couldcoordinate his physical activities, eating habits and the doses ofactive substances to be administered more precisely.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, it is the object of the invention to enable a comfortable,inexpensive, and yet extensive, monitoring of the state of health of aperson.

This object is solved by the invention in that a transducer, whichreceives or takes a measurement value and makes it available formonitoring the state of health of a person, has been designed as amodule for an interface of a conventional computer. The measurementvalue is a value obtained by means of a sensor on or in the person todetect his/her state of health. The module can be integrated andconnected to a defined interface of the computer. Accordingly, not onlycan it be supplied by computer manufacturers, but also by independentmanufacturers at a later time.

In one embodiment, the module according to the invention is used tomonitor the glucose concentration in a body fluid of the person, inparticular to monitor the blood-sugar content.

An advantage of the present invention is that monitoring can be done byconventional computers that generally offer a higher performance, inparticular with regard to the computing performance and displayfeatures, than so far possible with special devices used for monitoringpurposes. Another advantage is that, especially in types of therapyrequiring a person to administer himself with the corresponding activesubstance, this person can make use of a computer generally alreadyavailable, which he already uses for other purposes and is alreadyfamiliar with. It is also possible to transmit data concerning healthfrom the module in accordance with the invention to other, widely usedcomputer programs. The module in accordance with the invention or itscomputer software is compatible with the usual programs, such as, forinstance, graphic, text and/or spread sheet programs. In one embodiment,the module in accordance with the invention is a plug-in module that maybe advantageously inserted into a standard slot of a computer, such as,for example, in the form of the standard plug-in board or cards usualtoday for an external port of a computer. It can also be a plug-inmodule subsequently integrated into one of the slots available in thehousing of a personal computer. In any case, the computer's capacity isused. In particular, processor and monitor capacities, but alsopossibilities already available to connect peripheral devices can beexploited by the invention. Accordingly, to monitor his state of health,the user can make use of the computer surroundings he is alreadyfamiliar with, which increases the readiness to accept such monitoring.Preferably, such a plug-in module is delivered together with thecorresponding installation and application software required formonitoring, as is common with add-on plug-in modules.

The invention may be used with a computer of a device used forself-administration of a fluid product or with a computer used incombination therewith. The device comprises a fluid guiding means, ameans for conveying a dose of fluid product to be administered, awireless communication interface, a control for the conveying means, anda communications terminal. The fluid guiding means, conveying means andsaid interface are components of an administering device. Thecommunications terminal is not physically connected to said device,i.e., these two devices are not mechanically connected to each other, atleast when using the device. Any connection while stored or duringtransportation should, however, not be ruled out. The communicationsterminal is provided with another interface for wireless communicationand with a visual display. Wireless communication occurs between theadministration device and the communications terminal via these twointerfaces. The administration device and the communications terminalremain with the user, who administers the fluid product to himselfpersonally.

The fluid guiding means includes a reservoir for the fluid product andfor the parts of the administration device connected therewith, andfluid passes through the guiding means during administration until afluid outlet is reached. In the event that the administration device isfixed either to the body or to clothing, the fluid outlet is formed by ainsertion needle.

In another embodiment, the conveying means, an emergency controltherefor, an energy source and the wireless communication interface areimplanted, and the reservoir is fixed either to the body or to theclothing, the fluid guiding means naturally also being partiallyimplanted downstream of the reservoir; the conveying means, preferably amicro pump, is itself thus preferably part of said fluid guiding system.This is generally also possible for the other alternative embodimentswith regard to the design of the administration device. Dividing theadministration device into a body-external reservoir and a body-internalconveying means has the advantage that the external part can bediminished or the reservoir can be enlarged, and that the place ofdischarge of the fluid product can be selected particularly convenientlyfor therapy. At the same time, the health risks associated with animplanted reservoir are avoided.

The fluid product may be a liquid active solution as administered in thecontext or framework of a therapy, in particular insulin.

The wireless communication may be radio communication; however,ultrasonic or infrared communication is also conceivable.

The communications terminal monitor displays at least one operatingparameter of the administration device. Thus, a person administeringhimself with the fluid product can monitor the operation of theadministration device, and thus the administration, directly andcomfortably by means of the communications terminal. The user does nothave to detach the administration device to read the display, as he canread the data of interest to him on the display of the communicationsterminal which is already detached, irrespective of the place where theadministration device has been attached. Accordingly, the administrationdevice can be fixed at any suitable place, e.g., to the user's clothingor directly to the user's body for an administration cycle until thereservoir is filled again. Thus, carrying the device becomes much morecomfortable for the user. The administration device can be constantlypositioned under clothing, for example under a pull-over, so that it isinvisible to other persons, which renders the device much moreacceptable. The facilitated readability simultaneously increases safety,amongst other things, since the user checks the display more often.Further display means can be provided at the administration device, butare no longer required, and are preferably not, or only to a reducedextent, available at the device.

One operating parameter of the administration device which is ofinterest to the user is the amount of fluid administered. In the courseof a continuous or almost continuous product distribution, the amount offluid is preferably displayed as feed rate over time. In particular, thefluid amounts supplied in discrete time intervals are displayed, thetime intervals either being given or selectable with regard to thetherapy and, if desired, also with regard to the individual userrequirements.

The amount of fluid administered during a given time interval ispreferably determined from the position of the conveying means.Comparing a position at the end of a time interval to a known startingposition at the beginning of said time interval calculates the amount offluid supplied during the respective time interval, i.e., by subtractionand scaling the fluid reservoir. Storing the positions passed or thesupplied amounts detected during administration allows or translates torepresenting the amount of fluid administered over the time. Such arepresentation is preferably a graphic representation. To increase thesafety of administration, any deviation from a given desired positionmay also be represented, for example also over the time ofadministration. In case the deviation from a given desired position istoo large, it would be advantageous to display a warning signal tosignalize to the user that there is a considerable deviation, or even toindicate the extent of deviation and, expediently, also the moment whensuch a deviation occurred. Furthermore, it can also be beneficial todisplay the course of time of such deviation between the desired amountof supply and the amount of fluid actually supplied. The position of theconveying means preferably also allows to determine the residual amountof fluid product still available, since each position is directlyassigned a given residual amount when the fluid reservoir does notchange in form and size, i.e. if, for example, ampoules of same size arealways used or if changes are recognized automatically or manuallyentered at the communications terminal.

The position of the conveying means can be a desired position given by acontrol for controlling the conveying means precisely to said position.According to another embodiment, the actual position of the conveyingmeans obtained by a sensor is used to determine the amount supplied andthe further operating parameters that can be derived therefrom.

In a one embodiment, the fluid guiding means is monitored with regard toan occlusion. The communications terminal indicates the occurrence of anocclusion and preferably the extent thereof. An occlusion can eithercause total interruption of the supply or a supply at reduced supplyrate. In case of total interruption, the conveying means isautomatically stopped and the total interruption is indicated by analarm signal at the communications terminal. If the supply is continueddespite an occlusion, the actual supply rate is just smaller than agiven supply rate, and if this interruption in operation is due to anocclusion in the fluid conveying system, this may be indicated on thecommunications terminal visual display, especially by means of agraphical warning symbol and, simultaneously, by a suitablerepresentation of the deviation occurred. In the event of a deviationdue to a conveying error caused by the conveying means, the user candirectly compensate the conveying error at the next opportunity to doso. A total occlusion may be stored as an event in a memory of thecommunications terminal together with the time of detection. In theevent of a reduced supply, the extent of which can be determined due tothe position of the conveying means, it is stored over its course oftime. As already stated above, it is possible to represent either theamounts of supply or the supply rate in absolute form, or the deviationfrom the desired supply.

In another embodiment, a leakage in the fluid guiding system may bedetected and sent to the communications terminal, where it is indicatedby an alarm signal. The leakage information may be stored as an event ina memory of the communications terminal together with the time ofdetection so that it is available for later evaluation of the course ofadministration.

The occurrence of an occlusion may be detected by means of a sensor thatmeasures a reaction force the conveying means exerts on a support ofsaid conveying means. The measured reaction force is constantly comparedto a suitably given threshold value, which when exceeded indicates anocclusion. The same sensor may also be used to detect a leakage. Themeasured reaction force is then additionally compared to a suitablygiven threshold value. If the measured force of reaction remains undersuch a threshold value, this indicates a leakage.

A means to produce a defined pressure drop is preferably provided in aflow cross section of the fluid guiding system. The pressure drop is ofsuch large dimension that the force required for the conveying means toovercome this flow resistance is considerably larger than the otherforces determining the reaction force occurring if the administrationdevice works properly. Accordingly, an occlusion, and in particular aleakage, can be detected with particular reliability.

A communications terminal, which may be, at the same time, a remoteindicator and remote control, offers the most conceivable convenience asconcerns portability. Owing to the remote control, a user cannot onlymonitor, but also use, his administration device discretely, should thisbe required, e.g., in a restaurant or at any other social event. Datacan be entered into the communications terminal by means of keys, atouch screen or a voice-entry means with integrated microphone, thelatter may also be provided in addition to a manually operable inputmeans to enable data to be entered in all situations with utmostconvenience and discretion.

The physical size used to determine the at least one operatingparameter, preferably the position of the conveying means and/or thereaction force exerted by said conveying means, is entered into aprocessor of the device to generate the operating parameter therefrom.If said processor is a component of the administration device, theoperating parameter generated by said processor is entered into theinterface of said administration device and then further transmitted tothe interface of the communications terminal. Preferably, such aprocessor is a component of the communications terminal, and thephysical size is transmitted.

A control for the conveying means, which can be influenced or operatedby the user, can be a component of the administration device. The usercan change the setting of such a control by means of an input means ofthe communications terminal, e.g., to administer an extra dose.

In one embodiment, a control that can be influenced, in particular aprogrammable control or the entire variable part of the control of theconveying means, is a component of the communications terminal. Providedin the administration device is a part of the control, which can only beprovided directly at the conveying means, if need be a wirelesscontrolled power component of said conveying means, e.g., in the form ofjust one pulsed interrupter of the energy supply of said conveyingmeans.

If the communications terminal comprises the variable control part, theadministration device may include a an emergency control used to furtherrun a fixed administration program automatically and self-sufficientlyin the event of the wireless communication failing until it is switchedoff. The emergency control can be provided in addition to the wirelesstriggered minimum control part of the main control. It can, however,also be formed by the wireless-controlled control means in the course ofnormal operation that switches to emergency operation if no controlsignals are obtained within a given period of time. The emergencycontrol can operate in accordance with a standard program, which is thesame for all administration devices of the same series, or is alsoadjusted individually, preferably by means of programming which,according to the setting of the user, is carried out in a wirelessmanner via the interface of the administration device by means of thecommunications terminal or any other suitable device, which isconventionally done by a doctor. In some embodiments, it does notinclude further adjusting features, but rather runs the standard orindividual program once set.

The administration device can easily be designed waterproof, since ahousing has few openings, e.g., for input means. In extreme cases, onlythe interface region and the outlet for the fluid guiding means must besealed.

According to one embodiment, an evaluation means for monitoring thestate of health of a person, in particular of the user of the device,can be combined with the communications terminal or is a fixedlyintegrated component thereof. The evaluation means may be a component ofthe module according to the invention.

An obtained measurement value is evaluated by the evaluation means bydetermining a corresponding body value therefrom. An evaluation resultmay be indicated on another monitor or preferably the monitor of thecommunications terminal, already mentioned. If the device according tothe invention is used for insulin treatment, it may be an evaluationmeans used to determine the blood-sugar content; it can also be used toadditionally determine the hormone level and/or a relevant bodytemperature. Generally, however, such an evaluation means is notrestricted to determine blood-sugar measurement values or themeasurement values and groups of measurement values previouslymentioned. If used for other therapies, where not insulin but otheractive substances are being administered, other measurement valuesadapted to the corresponding application would be obtained andevaluated.

The measurement value can be transmitted wirelessly as a measuringsignal by a sensor. The evaluation means comprises a transducer toreceive said signal. In this embodiment, the transducer is either formedby the interface of the communications terminal or as an additionalreceiving part. In another embodiment, a sensor, which is or was incontact with the sample, is inserted into the transducer in its contactarea, which thereby obtains the measuring signal of the sensor by directcontact. In both cases, the transducer is the link between the sensorand the communications terminal or another platform for the evaluationmeans.

In the embodiment including the sensor, which has to be introducedphysically, the sensor and the evaluation means may correspond tosensors and evaluation means known from insulin therapy. However, incontrast thereto, the evaluation means according to the invention iscompatible with the communications terminal or a common computer, whichis, however, adapted to the application.

According to the invention, the transducer is an integrated component ofthe module, in particular a standard plug-in board or card forcomputers, e.g. a PCMCIA board or card, and can thus be connected tousual well-known types of computers such as personal computers,notebooks and pocket-sized computers by simply being plugged into acomputer slot provided for this purpose. The plug-in board or card maybe thought of as a transducer, i.e., as a transmitting means for themeasurement values of the sensor. The subsequent processing of themeasurement values until the body values are obtained can be performedby components comprised in the home computer. In this embodiment, theplug-in board or card may be thought of as a sensor port. In anotherembodiment, means used to process the measurement values is also anintegrated part of the board or card. The board or card may include anon-volatile memory to temporarily store the measurement values or themeasurement values already processed. The plug-in board or card can bedelivered with a preinstalled or installable special applicationsoftware.

The plug-in board or card may include an integrated sample taking setcomprising a number of sensor elements and means to take samples.Alternatively, such a sample taking set can also be a component of thecommunications terminal, in particular if the evaluation means is anintegrated component of the communications terminal.

In one embodiment, the communications terminal is a standard computer inpocket format, e.g., a hand-held or preferably a palm-sized computer.The interface of the communications terminal for wireless communicationwith the administration device is formed by a plug-in board or card,e.g., a PCMCIA board or card, for a computer slot. The same plug-inboard or card may include the transducer that may be designed withadditional components on the board or card up to an evaluation means,thus simultaneously forming the communication interface and sensor port.

The integration of an evaluation means or also only a transducer in onemodule, preferably in a plug-in module, in particular a plug-in board orcard, may advantageously also be applied in combination withadministration devices that do not have a detached communicationsterminal. Such a modular solution can advantageously be used for anytherapy monitoring in order employ larger calculating and storingcapacities, in comparison to known devices, and also more extensivedisplay possibilities of a computer. As a plug-in module, this solutionmay be a product that can be sold independently.

Configuration, diagnosis or quality control, and programming orpre-setting of the administration device may be done by the manufacturerin a wireless manner by means of a computer. In particular, the wirelesscommunication facilitates execution of quality checks. As this does notrequire any wire connections, configuration and diagnosis may beperformed without interrupting production if an interface for wirelesscommunication is suitably provided.

Additional features and advantages of the present invention will beprovided by references to the accompanying drawings, the followingdescription and the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained in thefollowing by means of the following figures, in which:

FIG. 1 is a device for self-administration of a fluid product with acommunications terminal for wireless communication;

FIG. 2 is a view of the communications terminal;

FIG. 3. is a block diagram of the communications terminal;

FIG. 3a depicts an exemplary embodiment of a commonly used sensor;

FIG. 4 is a touch-screen display; and

FIG. 5 is a wireless communication between the administration device andtwo alternative communications terminals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows an administration device 10 in the form of an infusion pumpfor insulin that is in wireless communication with a communicationsterminal 20.

The administration device 10 comprises a housing 1, provided withsuitable holding means, to enable it to be either secured by the user tohis clothing or directly to his body so that it may be constantlycarried around.

The insulin is contained in a reservoir, which in the example embodimentis formed by an ampoule 2. A piston 5 is shiftably accommodated in saidampoule 2. Displacement of the piston 5 occurs by means of a spindledrive, the driven member 6 of which (a threaded rod in this embodiment)is straightly and axially moved with regard to the housing 1 by means ofthe rotary drive of a drive member 7, which in this embodiment is athreaded sleeve. The rotary drive of the threaded sleeve 7 is caused bya stepper motor 9 via a gear 8 with a spur wheel meshing with saidthreaded sleeve 7. A power part of a control for the motor 9 is givenreference number 9 a. By means of rotation-secured, straight guidance ofthe threaded rod 6 in the housing 1, the threaded rod 6 is axially movedand urged against the rear of the piston. Under the action of thethreaded rod 6, the piston 5 is moved to an ampoule outlet, therebydisplacing insulin through said ampoule outlet. A fluid line 3 isconnected to said ampoule outlet, at the free front ends of which aninfusion needle N is fixed, which the user pierces under his skin andthen fixes it on his skin so that he can self-administer insulin.

Further included in the fluid line 3 is a valve 4, likewise accommodatedin the housing 1, which only enables insulin to flow when a minimumpressure, given by said valve 4, is exceeded in said ampoule 2.

A position sensor 14 measures the actual value of the angular positionof the stepper motor 9 and transmits it via signal lines as the actualposition P to a radio interface 13 and to an emergency control 11provided in the housing 1.

If run properly, the emergency control 11 is driven in a stand-by mode.The emergency control 11 is connected to the position sensor 14 and thepower element 9 a via signal lines. It receives the actual position Pfrom the position sensor 14 and transmits its adjusting signal C′ to thepower element 9 a, if the emergency control 11 has been activated, tomove the motor 9 to a subsequent desired position. An electric battery,provided in the housing 1, is the energy source 12 for theenergy-consuming components of the administration device 10.

A reaction force F, exerted by the piston 5 on the housing 1, isconstantly measured by an energy sensor 15 and outputted in the form ofa measurement signal representing the measured reaction force F. Themeasured reaction force F is supplied to said radio interface 13 and athreshold comparator 16 via signal lines, the comparator triggering anacoustic alarm of an alarm means 17 when a given upper threshold valuefor the measured reaction force F has been exceeded or when a givenlower threshold value of said force has been fallen short of. The energysensor 15, the comparator 16 and the alarm means 17 form a device totrigger an emergency alarm.

The entire driving mechanism of the piston 5, namely, the spindle drivecomprising driven member 6 and drive member 7, gear 8, motor 9 withpower element 9 a, along with the position sensor 14 as well as theemergency control 11, are together shiftably positioned on a straightlyguided platform in the housing 1 in and against the advancementdirection of the piston 5. Arrangement of the platform occurs in andagainst the advancement direction of the piston 5 in a free-floatingmanner. The energy sensor 15, e.g., a suitably arranged wire straingauge, is arranged at an underside of the platform or opposite to thehousing 1 so that it outputs a measurement signal when the platform andthe housing 1 are urged together, this measurement signal representingthe acting force. This force corresponds to the reaction force F exertedby the piston 5 on the threaded rod 6 and thus on the platform.

Via the radio interface 13, there is wireless communication between theadministration device 10 and the communications terminal 20, which hasbeen designed in the embodiment as an integrated remote indicator andcontrol unit, and is provided with a radio interface 23.

Both radio interfaces 13 and 23 are each provided with a receivingmember 13.1 or 23.1 and with a transmitting member 13.2 or 23.2. Theadministration device 10 permanently or periodically transmits thosevalues of the measured reaction force F and the actual position P viatransmitter 13.2 that are received by the receiving member 23.1 and aretransmitted via signal lines to a microprocessor 21.

From the actual position P, the processor particularly determines thesupplied basal rate, preferably in insulin units per hour IU/h, doseamounts in insulin units IU as well as the filling state of the ampoule2 and/or the actually remaining residual amount IUR and/or the presumedresidual feed time. The determined basal rate and the dose amounts arestored. The reaction force F is compared by the microprocessor to agiven upper threshold value for this force. Exceeding the upperthreshold value determines the occurrence of an occlusion in the fluidguiding system, which is stored together with its moment of occurrence.By determining a lower threshold value and comparison therewith, aleakage in the fluid guidance system can be detected and its time ofoccurrence can be stored.

At the same time, processor 21 forms a variable control 22 for the motor9 in normal operation, in which the emergency control 11 remains in itsstand-by mode. The control function will be taken over by the emergencycontrol 11 instead of the processor control 21 if there is an emergencycase such as a communication error or any other detected control errorleading to a loss of control signals. Otherwise, the motor is controlledby the processor control 22 via wireless transmission of its adjustingsignals C.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the communications terminal 20. All componentsof the communications terminal 20 are included in a lightweight housingthat can be held in a person's hand. The measurement signals P and F aswell as the adjusting signals C are exchanged via interface 23 byinterface 13. A visual display 24 displays information of relevance tothe user. Indicated data or data that can be indicated upon request in adisplay mode are at least operating parameters of the administrationdevice 10. Readability of data, especially in the case of continuouslyperformed administration, has considerably been improved by means of theremote indicator, which can also be comfortably hand-held. The varietyand complexity of the indicated information can be increased withouthaving to increase the weight and the dimensions of the administrationdevice.

The operation of the device has been further improved in that thecommunications terminal 20 has not only been designed as a remotedisplay, but also as a remote control. In this connection, the terminal20 is provided with input means 26 in the form of keys used to act uponthe processor 21, and thus also on control 22 formed by the processor.For example, pressing a key can cause a bole output, which is eitherspontaneous or programmed in advance in a delayed manner depending onthe input. The visual display 24 and keys 26 may also cooperate byindicating on said display 24, for example, key settings or data thatcan be selected via keys 26. Furthermore, the communications terminal 20comprises an acoustic alarm indicator 25, which acoustically alerts oneto dangerous malfunctions of the communications terminal 20 and also ofthe administration device 10.

As concerns the operational function, the administration device 10 canbe switched on or off by means of the communications terminal 20 and adose supply can be activated or at least increased or reduced.Furthermore, the basal rate and the temporary basal rate can be set andpreferably also changed. Filling the catheter after replacement of theampoule can also be done in such a controlled manner.

According to FIG. 3, the essential components of the communicationsterminal 20 are linked to each other and depicted in the form of a blockdiagram. The microprocessor 21 is the central component and controlsboth the visual display 24 and the acoustic indicator 25 in response toinput signals obtained from the interface 23 or the input means 26. Alsoindicated is an energy source 27.

The communications terminal 20 is provided with a monitoring means 29 tomonitor the position of the stepper motor 9. To do so, it receives theactual position P of the position sensor 14 via the interface 23together with the desired value from the processor control 22. If agiven maximum difference is exceeded in terms of its absolute value, theacoustic alarm 25 delivers an alarm signal. Any deviations that arestill tolerable will be indicated and the user can take them intoaccount and compensate for them via the remote control at the nextopportunity, e.g., by means of an extra dose supply. No control occurs.In the event of failure of the processor control 22, the comparisonbetween desired/actual values, effected merely for security, can also beperformed by the emergency control 11, an intolerable deviation will beindicated by the alarm means 17.

The microprocessor 21 has access to an individual memory 30 of thecommunications terminal 20, in which in particular a setup of anindividual person and the historical administration data are stored orcontinuously accumulatingly stored. It is further possible to storeblood-sugar measurement values over the time, either in an individualarea of the memory 30 or in another memory of the communicationsterminal. This allows the user to compare the administration history tothe timely assigned blood-sugar measurement values so that he can drawvaluable conclusions therefrom, possibly also for future administrationsand individual settings of his administration device. The communicationsterminal 20 is the user's electronic diary.

A blood-sugar measuring means is likewise integrated into the housing ofthe communications device. The blood-sugar measuring means comprises asensor 28 a and a transducer 28 b. The sensor 28 a measures theblood-sugar content of a blood sample and/or a cell fluid sample. Thetransducer 28 b receives a measurement signal outputted from the sensor28 a, the size thereof depending on the blood-sugar content of thesample, and transmits it to the microprocessor 21, i.e. to an evaluationmeans 28 formed by the microprocessor. The measurement value obtained bythe processor is stored in the memory 30 so that it is available forrepresentation on the display 24 at a later time. Referring to FIG. 3a,the sensor 28 a is a commonly used sensor, particularly in the form of astrip, having a sample region 33 for applying the sample and a contactregion 35 for insertion into the transducer 28 b so as to be in contacttherewith. The blood-sugar measuring means consists of the sensor 28 a,the transducer 28 b, used as the receiving and contacting means for thesensor 28 a, a connection means for connection to the processor 21, andthe processor 21 itself, by which the evaluating function is met ifprogrammed in application-specific manner and which performs in theembodiment all further tasks involved with the evaluation andrepresentation of the measurement signals of the sensor 28 a.

The blood-sugar measuring means can either completely, as describedabove, or partially be designed as an independent module that isinserted into a prepared slot of the communications terminal 20 so as tobe connected with the processor 21. If integrated into the detachablemodule, the evaluation means 28 can be formed by a converter whichconverts the measurement signal, received from the sensor 28 a, into asignal the processor 21 can read. According to another embodiment, theevaluation means 28 itself can store a measurement signal, received fromthe sensor 28 a, in the memory 30 so that it does not have to be storedby the processor 21. Detection of the blood-sugar contents can also beperformed by such a transducer and evaluation module. A memory can alsobe a component of the module to temporarily store therein the measuredsensor signals. A measurement means in the basic form of a puretransducer 28 b or in one of the above developed forms mayadvantageously be used for any kind of device, in particular a genericdevice without operating parameter display, for example, in combinationwith a pure remote control or a remote display including other displayeddata. According to the embodiment in the form of a detachable module, itmay advantageously also be (in a basic form or in one of the abovedeveloped forms) an independent product that does not depend on aspecific device to administer a fluid product. In such a form, it isespecially comfortable when used to support any therapy monitored by auser. It can have an own display so that it can be used without acomputer like common evaluation means.

FIG. 4 shows a representation as it appears on a touch screen of a palmtop computer after selection of a loaded diabetes program. The displayis a combined graphic display and input means.

The display permanently, semi-permanently or on demand shows theaccumulated amount of insulin administered per hour as basal rate duringthe last hours in the form of a bar chart in insulin units per hour. Anyextra dose supplies, caused by the user, are also permanently shown. Anormal dose is represented by a simple vertical line and an extendeddose is represented by an above offset line. The amount administered bysaid dose is indicated by the vertical line length. The time axisindicates the period of the last hours, for example the last 24 hours,with exact time indications. The administered insulin amounts aredetected by the processor 21 from actual positions P and stored in thememory 30 so as to be available at any time for display purposes andfurther evaluation purposes. As long as the monitoring device 29 doesnot detect a malfunction, the desired positions can be simply taken bythe control 21 instead of the actual positions P and be used todetermine the delivered insulin amounts. Finally, the total amount ofinsulin administered during the last 24 hours before reading ispermanently shown in the form of its numeric value behind a summationsign.

Under the display area, the display is provided with an input area withinput fields 26. Assigned to each of the input fields 26 is a graphicsymbol representing the respective function. The meaning of input fields26 from the left to the right are as follows: bread units BE, notebookNB, status of ampoule SA, malfunctions FF, blood-sugar display BA andblood-sugar measurement BM. Pressing one of these fields activates thefunction thereof, repeated pressing deactivates the function. Anyconceivable combination of fields may be active at a time. FIG. 4 showsthe display in a condition in which only fields FF and BA are activated.

Pressing field BE enables the bread units obtained to be enteredmanually including indications concerning time and amount. Pressingfield NB enables the user to input personal notes that are important forhim, which will be stored together with the time input by the user or,if the user does not define the time, automatically together with themoment of time the NB field was activated. At the same time, there willbe a real-time representation on the display of the bread units or notesinput for the indicated period which correspond to the activated inputfield. Pressing field SA displays the current level of the ampoule inpercent of the filling amount of a new ampoule and/or as still remainingresidual amount of insulin or as estimated residual feed time.Furthermore, the time of the last ampoule change may also beadditionally indicated. Activating field FF suitably indicates areal-time representation of any deviation from the desired operation,e.g. an occlusion, a communication error or a power failure, within thewarning symbol. Pressing field BA brings about the display of theblood-sugar contents obtained by measurements, e.g. in milligram ofsugar per deciliter of blood at the time of the respective measurement.This time is determined by the user by pressing field BM. Automaticdetermination of this time would also be conceivable. Other fields maybe programmed as well.

Represented in FIG. 5, in addition to the wireless communication withthe communications terminal 20, is also the possibility of communicationwith a computer 20′ via the same interface 13, it being a notebook inFIG. 5. To use a standard computer 20′ equipped with a comparativelylarge monitor considerably increases the variety and complexity of theapplicability of the remote display and the remote control. By means ofthe personal computer 20′, the administration device can be entirelyconfigured and/or programmed, by the manufacturer, with the exception ofthe settings concerning the individual person. In some embodiments, theindividual settings may be preset or programmed as well. In someembodiments, the individual on-spot configuration for the user, and inparticular the evaluation possibilities available to the user, e.g.,comparing the administration history with the blood-sugar values, can beperformed very comfortably and extensively. Wireless communication canalso be used by the manufacturer for economical configuration and/orquality control purposes. Particularly with regard to quality control,it is not necessary to establish wire connection between theadministration device to be checked and the computer employed forchecking purposes. Quality control can be performed by means of wirelesscommunication, for example, or the production line without interruptingproduction.

In the foregoing description, preferred embodiments of the inventionhave been presented for the purpose of illustration and description.They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to theprecise form disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possiblein light of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen anddescribed to provide the best illustration of the principals of theinvention and its practical application, and to enable one of ordinaryskill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments andwith various modifications as are suited to the particular usecontemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scopeof the invention as determined by the appended claims when interpretedin accordance with the breadth they are fairly, legally, and equitablyentitled.

We claim:
 1. A system of remotely controlling and remotely displaying anoperation of administering a fluid into a body, comprising: anadministration device operably coupled with the body for delivering thefluid to the body and taking a measurement value related toadministration of the fluid, the administration device including atransmission component for transmitting the measurement value, areceiving component for receiving a control signal, a housing forcontaining a fluid ampoule driven by a piston and a driven member thatis controlled by a stepper motor, a position sensor for measuring anangular position of the stepper motor, and an emergency control devicethat is connected to the position sensor, and upon activation, moves thestepper motor to a desired position; and a remote terminal including areceiving component to receive the transmitted measurement value fromthe transmitting component of the administration device, and atransmission component to transmit the control signal to the receivingcomponent of the administration device, wherein the remote terminaldisplays operating parameters of the administration device and remotelycontrols the operating parameters of the administration device via thecontrol signal, wherein the remote terminal determines a fluid supplyrate and a fluid dose amount from the measured angular position of thestepper motor.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the remote terminal isa hand-held device.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the remoteterminal further includes a processor for processing the transmittedmeasurement value and providing the control signal to the administrationdevice.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the remote terminal furtherincludes a sensor adapted to receive and measure a bodily fluid sampleand communicate a measurement to the processor.
 5. The system of claim4, wherein the remote terminal further includes a module that containsthe sensor and is adapted to be disconnected from the remote terminal toreceive the bodily fluid and to be reconnected to the remote terminal tocommunicate the measurement to the processor.
 6. The system of claim 1,wherein the remote terminal comprises an acoustic alarm indicator foracoustically alerting a malfunction of the system.
 7. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the remote terminal is a computer.
 8. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the fluid is insulin, and the measurement valueincludes a glucose concentration of the body.
 9. The system of claim 8,wherein the glucose concentration of the body is transmitted to theremote terminal, and administration of the fluid is remotely controlledby the remote terminal via the control signal.
 10. The system of claim1, wherein transmission between the transmitting components and thereceiving components is a wireless transmission.
 11. The system of claim1, wherein the remote terminal includes an evaluation device fordetermining characteristics of the body based on the measurement value.12. A system of remotely controlling and remotely displaying anoperation of administering a fluid into a body, comprising: anadministration device operably coupled with the body for delivering thefluid to the body and taking a measurement value related toadministration of the fluid, the administration device including atransmission component for transmitting the measurement value, areceiving component for receiving a control signal, a housing forcontaining a fluid ampoule driven by a piston and a driven member thatis controlled by a stepper motor, and a position sensor for measuring anangular position of the stepper motor; and a remote terminal including areceiving component to receive the transmitted measurement value fromthe transmitting component of the administration device, a transmissioncomponent to transmit the control signal to the receiving component ofthe administration device, and a processor for processing the measuredangular position of the stepper motor and providing the control signalto the the administration device, wherein the remote terminal displaysoperating parameters of the administration device and remotely controlsthe operating parameters of the administration device via the controlsignal, wherein the remote terminal determines a fluid supply rate and afluid dose amount from the measured angular position of the steppermotor, wherein the processor determines a fluid supply rate, a fillingstate of the ampoule, a remaining residual amount, and a presumedresidual feed time.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the remoteterminal is a hand-held device.
 14. The system of claim 12, wherein theremote terminal comprises an acoustic alarm indicator for acousticallyalerting a malfunction of the system.
 15. The system of claim 12,wherein the remote terminal is a computer.
 16. The system of claim 12,wherein the fluid is insulin, and the measurement value includes aglucose concentration of the body.
 17. The system of claim 16, whereinthe glucose concentration of the body is transmitted to the remoteterminal, and administration of the fluid is remotely controlled by theremote terminal via the control signal.